The fire hydrant system is the backbone of the fire protection systems in a building or premises. The system is a water distribution system consisting of water tank, suction piping, fire pumps and a distributed piping system. The distributed piping system establishes connectivity throughout the building through fire hydrants, hoses and nozzles. The purpose of the fire hydrant system is to provide a readily available source of water to any point throughout the building. This helps in controlling fire during an emergency.
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected.
Pre-action fire sprinkler systems are filled with air and water is allowed to pass through when the smoke alarm or detector goes off. This type of system requires two triggers to start water flow. It helps greatly that the pre-action fire sprinkler can be set to prevent water from spouting in case of a false alarm or a mechanical failure. The pre-action system is good for use in places where the sprinklers are only necessary when there is an actual fire so other items in the building do not get water damage from an accidental sprinkling. Such buildings include libraries and data centers. These places contain items of high value like electronics and goods damageable by water such as books.
B. Dry PipeDry pipe sprinklers are similar to pre-action systems as they use pressurized air in the pipe which exits before water escapes. This causes a minute delay in water discharge but is ideal for buildings with low temperatures so the pipes do not freeze. These fire sprinkler systems have a fast opening tool to get rid of the air and speed up the flow of water. Warehouses located in the north are a good example of what buildings should use dry pipe sprinklers.
C.Wet PipeWet pipe fire sprinklers constantly have water in them. This allows for a quick reaction to a fire and is the most common type of sprinkler installed in buildings. A type of building that uses the wet pipe system is a high-rise or office building with a few floors. This fire sprinkler system is cost efficient and low maintenance.
D. DelugeThese types of fire sprinkler systems also need a smoke or heat detector like the pre-action system. A deluge system has open nozzles that can be used when a hazard is present. When flammable liquids are spread across a floor, deluge fire sprinklers are good to have. In that case, buildings such as industrial parks and buildings with many tanks have deluge fire sprinkler systems installed.
Medium velocity systems – cooling fire down.
Medium velocity sprayers discharge a water spray of finely divided droplets at medium velocity. They are ideal for protecting hazards involving light oils where emulsification from high velocity sprayers is not possible. The fine spray has a high heat absorption rate so medium velocity sprayers are an effective method of protecting adjacent plant and structures from heat during a fire by providing a continuous cooling spray over the exposed surfaces. Keeping nearby equipment cool minimizes damage and reduces the risk of explosion.
Medium velocity water spray system is designed to control fires involving the lighter oils, liquefied petroleum gases and other flammable liquids with flash points below 650 C.
Cooling smothering and dilution play apart in varying degrees with such a system and a well known example of such a system is the PROTECTOSPRA SYSTEM. This type of system utilizes sprayers which produce medium velocity water discharged with directional properties operating at a minimum water pressure of approximate 20 P.S.I. sprayers can be arranged for individual automatic operation or for automatic and manual operation in groups to command the plant or fire area concerned. Here again, the essence of the design is proper discharged pattern, careful hydraulic calculation and balance of flow and pressures. All systems are fitted with alarm equipment and monitoring devices as required.
Medium velocity water spray system has been developed and extensively installed for the following applications.
For fire risks involving the lighter oils, liquefied petroleum gases, and other inflammable liquids, where it may not be possible or desirable to extinguish the fire completely.
For the protection of vessels, plant, and structures exposed to heat from adjacent and surrounding fires.
High velocity systems – getting under the fire
High velocity systems are often used to protect equipment that incorporates heavy or medium oils; equipment such as transformers, circuit breakers, diesel engines and fuel.
Oil storage tanks, turbo alternator lube oil systems and oil fired boilers. The high velocity Nozzles are specifically designed to discharge a jet of water at high speed. The water jet forms a cone of coarse spray of uniform density which is discharged over a defined area. The coarse spray is able to penetrate the flame zone and reach the surface of the burning oil. The turbulence created by the high velocity spray forms an oil-in-water emulsion on the surface of the oil that will not burn. This “emulsification” is the principal way the fire is extinguished, along with a cooling and smothering effect.
The shape of the spray cone, the fire area contacted and the water flow is all controlled by the nozzle specifications – the orifice size and the shape of the internal swirl plate – along with the water pressure and the orientation of the nozzle.
High Velocity Water Spray System are installed to extinguish fires involving liquids with flash points of 650 C (1500 F) or higher.
Some of the worst fires which have occurred in the history of fire fighting have been those involving oils and similar inflammable liquids. Unless promptly tackled at the source, such fires can rapidly grow to catastrophic proportions, often with irreparable damage to valuable plant.
Firefighting foam is foam used for fire suppression. Its role is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, resulting in suppression of the combustion.
Types of foams
A. Low-expansion foams have an expansion rate less than 20 times. Low-expansion foams such as AFFF are low-viscosity, mobile, and able to quickly cover large areas.
B. Medium-expansion foams have an expansion ratio of 20–100.
C. High-expansion foams have an expansion ratio over 200–1000. They are suitable for enclosed spaces such as hangars, where quick filling is needed.
D. Alcohol-resistant foams contain a polymer that forms a protective layer between the burning surface and the foam, preventing foam breakdown by alcohols in the burning fuel.Alcohol-resistant foams should be used in fighting fires of fuels containing oxygenates, e.g. MTBE, or fires of liquids based on or containing polar solvents.
Pump house is the heart of any fire protection system. There are mainly three pumps used in fire pump house; Electrical motor driven pump, diesel engine pump & jockey pump. It is very important to select correct pump capacity for any type of fire protection system as pump house is the only source to supply water to extinguish fire in predefined real time. Pump house also consist of supply water tanks for fire protection. Water tanks can be overhead or underground as per availability of space. Positive suction pumps are used for overhead tanks & negative suction pumps are used for underground tanks along with priming tank.
A fire alarm system is number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated from smoke detectors, and heat detectors. Alarms can be either motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns. They can also be speaker strobes which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation message which usually state in the lines of "Attention, Attention. A fire emergency has been reported. Please leave the building via the nearest exit. DO NOT use elevators!" They may also be activated via Manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations.
A public address system (PA system) is an electronic sound amplification and distribution system with a microphone, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to allow a person to address a large public, for example for announcements of movements at large and noisy air and rail terminals or at a sports stadium.
CCTV (closed-circuit television)
CCTV is a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed but are monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes.
CCTV relies on strategic placement of cameras, and observation of the camera's input on monitors somewhere. Because the cameras communicate with monitors and/or video recorders across private coaxial cable runs or wireless communication links, they gain the designation "closed-circuit" to indicate that access to their content is limited by design only to those able to see it.
CCTV is commonly used for a variety of purposes, including Maintaining perimeter security in medium- to high-secure areas and installations, Observing behavior of incarcerated inmates and potentially dangerous patients in medical facilities, Traffic monitoring, Overseeing locations that would be hazardous to a human (for example, highly radioactive or toxic industrial environments), Building and grounds security, Obtaining a visual record of activities in situations where it is necessary to maintain proper security or access controls (for example, in a diamond cutting or sorting operation; in banks, casinos, or airports).
Access Control System
Access control is a security technique that can be used to regulate who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment.
There are two main types of access control: physical and logical. Physical access control limits access to campuses, buildings, rooms and physical IT assets. Logical access limits connections to computer networks, system files and data.
The four main categories of access control are:
A. Mandatory access control
B. Discretionary access control
C. Role-based access control
D. Rule-based access control
Access control systems perform authorization identification, authentication, access approval, and accountability of entities through login credentials including passwords, personal identification numbers (PINs), biometric scans, and physical or electronic keys.
Estimation is the first & the most important stage in the project life cycle. So it is very necessary that the system designed & quantity calculated during this phase has to be correct to avoid any possible commercial losses due to improper design. As most of the firms are getting so many inquiries in a day, it is not possible for them to design & calculate quantities for estimation using their own in house team. So in such cases we can provide you a team which can design & work out quantities for the estimation purpose. Our team is very much experienced in this sector & we have already provided such service to many clients who really appreciated our working in the past. Also we provide this service at lowest price in the market. As they always says “prevention is better than cure”, so it is always better to spend a little while designing & working out for a project in initial estimation phase to avoid possible huge losses in the future.
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